Saturday, August 17, 2013

FRANCO: THE MAN WHO CHEATED THE ODDS. PART I.


(The story of how, after World War II, Generalissimo and Caudillo of Spain Francisco Franco survived against the odds. This is my second and last Spanish entry in this particular sequence, for the same reason as was stated in the note to the previous entry.)

At the end of World War II, an all-new conflict was shaping up between the two formerly allied sides, now divided by the Iron Curtain. The crucial role of Spain in this new “cold war” conflict has never been openly admitted, and its sweeping extent has never been made public by either side. The Russians are never keen on revealing any secrets, as a matter of principle. The West hardly felt proud of its support for the double-dealing fascist thug Francisco Franco, even if for the greater cause of protecting the war-weakened democracies of Free Europe from the “peril” of Soviet totalitarianism.

Franco’s exceptional political savvy had kept him out of the War Tribunals. Everybody knows, of course, that his so-called wartime “neutrality” had been pretty heavily loaded in Hitler’s favor, but, walking a very thin line, he had stopped short of becoming a legally-defined “war criminal.” This tiny legal loophole was surely enough for the United States and Great Britain to allow Franco to remain in power in Spain after the war. Even France, formerly staunchly anti-Franco, could not say “no,” when her senior Western allies had firmly put their foot down.

Franco was as anti-Soviet as they come: This was his best, and perhaps his only lifesaving qualification that would allow him to live to a ripe old age, with all his titles and bonuses intact, and to die a death of natural causes. Stalin definitely underestimated the extent and intensity of the Western support for that “little Spanish bug,” whom he had confidently intended to squash with his left pinkie. (Unlike my unabashedly chauvinistic step-grandmother Dolores Ibarruri, Stalin did not care about Franco’s Jewishness, but the fact that La Passionaria did, did not make her necessarily anti-Semitic, as she did not like the Russians either…)

Yet, in 1949, Stalin was still extremely confident that, paraphrasing Mayakovski, Franco was eating his last pineapple dessert, before his brains would be splashed all over the shiny parquet of his Madrid palace, and La Passionaria entered the city gate on a white horse. For this reason, he invited my father to his Kuntsevo (“Nearby”) abode, to have a private talk.

He reassured my father that he himself was constantly forced to do things which he would never have done for his own private interest. However, as a statesman, charged with the advancement of the public good, he had a different set of moral imperatives.

Stalin said that he appreciated the fact that Artem had a family. Artem’s wife Nina was a good person, she and her son, Artem’s son, would be well taken care of. Artem need not worry about it. However, the Soviet national interest demanded that Artem and Nina’s marriage now be dissolved, so that Artem would be able to perform a new major function of vital importance to the country, by marrying a certain Amaya Ibarruri-Ruiz.

For my reader’s information, Dolores Ibarruri, and her slightly demented husband Julian Ruiz, were both living in Moscow, although separated. They had given birth to several children, but only two of them had survived beyond infancy. Ruben, the son, had been killed in action at Stalingrad during the war, and now Amaya, the daughter, remained their only living offspring. By marrying Amaya, Artem was becoming the principal male member of the Dolores Ibarruri family. Here’s why this was so vitally important:

The international situation had become very tense, with the creation of NATO. As Stalin and Artem were talking, Russia was on the verge of becoming an atomic superpower, having successfully tested her first atomic bomb. The strategic military balance had been restored in the world, but the superpower struggle of Russia and America was just about beginning, and so, the role of Spain in determining the future of Europe was now becoming pivotal…

(This is the end of Part I. Part II will be posted tomorrow.)

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