Monday, July 23, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DCCLV



Magic Of The Sorcerer Molière.
Posting #18.


Here comes trouble on my head, driven to Paris by oxen.

Philippe d’Orleans about  Molière’s arrival in Paris
in M. Bulgakov’s novel Molière.


Bulgakov also draws the attention of the beginning writers to the importance of the voice of the one who is being described, especially if this man plays a leading role in the novel.
Thus, for instance, “Philippe concluded that [Molière] had an unpleasant voice. But after a few words of the guest, he, for some reason [probably on account of flattery], seemed to start liking [Molière’s] voice.”

Bulgakov is clearly using here Philippe of France in order to draw attention not only to human eyes, which are the most expressive part of the face, but also to the human voice.
Like, for instance, in a short paragraph, Bulgakov goes out of his way to change Molière’s voice. To Philippe’s amazement, Molière starts talking in a totally different voice – a harsh chest voice – and then goes back to his previous voice, then a brusque voice again… Then a third voice, a voice exceptionally stringent and impressive. Molière addresses Philippe, expressing hope that His Majesty [King Louis XIV] is in good health.
And then after a fiasco with Corneille’s tragedy Nicomede, Molière has to resort to flattery again. While Philippe d’Orleans “could not raise his eyes, but was sitting sunk into his armchair, retracting his head into his shoulders.” It was Philippe’s privilege to invite Molière and his troupe to the Old Louvre for the performance.

And again, he, the cursed one, starts talking in that same [flattering] voice. Here comes trouble on my head, driven to Paris by oxen.

Apparently, Bulgakov has learned a lot by reading Molière, and especially, his slyness. He tricks the researcher in his description of Louis XIV “with a capriciously protruding lip,” like Niza’s in Pontius Pilate. And also by presenting the reader with not just one but two actors’ troupes: one of them Molière’s on the stage, and the other one, known to all Paris, the troupe of Royal Bourgogne Actors, among the audience. –

“Only one of the Bourgogne actors was laughing his heart out with genuine sincerity. This hook-nosed man with delicate facial features was a great tragedian, the best in France performer of the role of Nicomede.”

Here apparently, same as with the King Louis XIV, the sly Bulgakov acts in character, drawing a parallel between the hook-nosed French actor and Judas in Pontius Pilate, while doing the same in comparing Niza to the French King on account of a capricious lip.
Therefore all of them must be actors. In a sense, it must be so, because M. Bulgakov was writing plays and very much wanted all his works to be staged or adapted for the cinema screen. But the main way that he leads the researcher off the right track is by showing the heroes of Master and Margarita as “foreigners.”
As for the actors of the Royal Bourgogne Theatre, having been stunned by Molière’s comedy and by the actors’ performance, they decided that Molière was the devil, and his actors were demons.

Thanks to [Philippe] d’Orleans! Thank you for bringing [to Paris] from the provinces -- demons! The devil! The devil! What actor-comedian?

That’s what the sly Bulgakov writes, reminding us of the appearance of a “foreigner” on Patriarch Ponds. It is for a reason that Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy renounces his official title as Chairman of the Housing Committee:

You are Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy, Chairman of the Housing Committee?
On hearing his, Nikanor Ivanovich burst into a horrible laughter, and responded literally with the following:
Yes, I am Nikanor, surely, Nikanor. But what-the-joker Chairman am I?! Had I been Chairman, I would have instantly established that he [Koroviev] was a demonic creature! If he wasn’t, what would that be? A cracked pince-nez, dressed in rags… What kind of interpreter to a foreigner could he possibly be?
God True, God Almighty... He sees all! And as for me – it serves me right: The Lord punisheth me for my filth... But foreign currency – I never took it! If you wish, I’ll eat earth that I didn’t... And Koroviev – he is the devil!

What is the sly Bulgakov trying to say by this? That Satan really invades human bodies? Or that talented people possess superior powers from God? What do you think, my reader?
Only in the 12th chapter of the novel Molière does Bulgakov explain:

“Had there been no such famous book – Register – handwritten by a young man who called himself Charles Varlais sieur de Lagrange, former actor in the lead role – we would have known even less about our hero [Molière], meaning that we would have known next to nothing about him.
From the very first day of having been admitted into the troupe, sieur de Lagrange equipped himself with a thick notebook in which he entered daily everything that was going on in Molière’s troupe.”

I cannot help being reminded of Yeshua’s words in the 2nd chapter of Master and Margarita: Pontius Pilate:

So it was you who were going to destroy the Temple building and incited the people to do so?.. It is clearly written here: incitement to destroy the Temple. This is what people are testifying to.
These good people have learned nothing and got totally mixed up over what I had told them. Generally speaking, I am beginning to worry that this mix-up is going to last for a very long time. And all because he was writing down after me incorrectly.

Yeshua is talking about Matthew Levi here, whose prototype in Bulgakov is the Russian poet and writer Andrei Bely. (See my Chapter The Garden.)

Two more scenes in the novel Molière are connected to Yeshua in the subnovel Pontius Pilate. In the 17th chapter After the Death of a Jealous Prince, M. Bulgakov very cautiously but surely deals with the arrest of Nicolas Fouquet, the Superintendent of Finance of France.
As the researcher knows, the 17th chapter of Master and Margarita is titled A Troublesome Day. In this chapter virtually out of nowhere we are confronted with the arrest of the Accountant of the Variety Theater Vasili Stepanovich Lastochkin.
Bulgakov took a big risk with the numbering of both chapters (#17) and also with the occupation of the two arrestees in these chapters. Pointing to Judas in N. S. Gumilev’s case, where Gumilev is the prototype of the accountant Lastochkin, Bulgakov switches to a mystical tone. From this short excerpt, if we paraphrase it, it becomes clear that a woman was a participant in the slandering of Gumilev. Bulgakov shows it through Fouquet’s letter – which was found by someone – to a certain Mlle De Lavaliere, who happened to be the King’s mistress.

To be continued…

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