Tuesday, March 20, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DCL



Alpha And Omega.
Posting #37.
                                                                                  

Petronie, you are grimacing, may I be hanged!
N. Gumilev. The Prodigal Son.


Introducing the scene with the hetman’s change of dress and his transformation into the fictitious German Major von Schratt, and also pointing to the mysteriousness of the Major (the reader is by then well aware that the real identity of the non-existent Major is Hetman Skoropadsky, so where is his mysteriousness anyway?), Bulgakov in reality is pointing to the mysteriousness of the next personage appearing on the next page, namely, a certain “man in the uniform of an artillery colonel,” who has managed to penetrate into the “apparatus [communications] room” of the hetman’s palace.
Knowing that Bulgakov does not leave loose ends, I started looking for a clue. And then I found it in the dream of the wounded Alexei Turbin in the 12th chapter of White Guard:

“Lying in complete fog was Turbin. After the injection, his face was perfectly calm, his features sharpened and refined. A calming poison was moving and guarding in his blood. The gray figures [military men in overcoats] stopped bossing around like in their own house and went after their own business, pulling away the cannon for good. Even if some complete outsider would turn up, he would somehow behave decently [in the dream], trying to connect with the people and things whose rightful place was always in the Turbins’ apartment.”

In other words, Alexei Turbin’s nightmares had stopped. Having received the medication, he had calmed down.
Meanwhile, Bulgakov continues:

“At one time Colonel Malyshev appeared, sat in the armchair, but smiled in such a way that it’s all right, and all will turn for the best. And he was not mumbling menacingly and ominously [as he probably was in a previous nightmare], nor was he stuffing the room with paper. Although he was burning documents, but he dared not touch Turbin’s diploma, nor [the deceased] mother’s photographs. Besides, he was burning papers using a pleasant and perfectly blue flame from alcohol, which was very soothing, as it was always followed by an injection. The bell was frequently ringing for Mme. Anjou. [The ladies’ store, which was the Headquarters of the Mortar Division, where Colonel Malyshev had been sitting].
Brynn… – Turbin was saying, intending to convey the sound of the bell to the one sitting in the armchair, and taking turns sitting there were now Nikolka, now a stranger with the eyes of a Mongol (he dared not raise the devil on account of the injection), now a mournful Maxim, white-haired and trembling.”
Brynn... – the wounded man was saying gently, constructing out of flexible shadows [sic!] a moving picture, torturous and difficult, but winding up with an unusual and happy and ailing end.

The last sentence may very well point to V. Ya. Bryusov’s work A Mirror of Shadows. Bulgakov simply substitutes it by “flexible shadows in a moving picture,” which is apparently building inside his brain. The moving pictures of his dream…
The first to appear in Turbin’s dream is “Colonel Malyshev,” combining features of Bryusov and Yesenin. Thus this dream becomes very important to the researcher. Very significant is also the fact that Alexei Turbin does not see his brother Nikolka first, considering that Nikolka, as a junior officer, was supposed to take part in the events of December 14, and he did.
And so, for the first time in Bulgakov’s White Guard there appears a truly mystical personage, a certain “stranger with the eyes of a Mongol.”
How many times has Bulgakov introduced the word ”stranger” into his works? What it means is that someone pretty well-known is involved. It holds in this case: the reader is looking at the well-known Russian poet of the Silver Age, executed by a firing squad in the Revolutionary Petrograd in 1921…
Alongside White Guard, Bulgakov in 1923 wrote the novella Diaboliada, showing N. S. Gumilev in the character of V. P. Korotkov, apparently due to the short lifespan of this amazing poet, the fourth (35) among the great Russian poets in that category after Lermontov (26), Yesenin (30), and Griboyedov (34).
I find plenty of proof here. To begin with, why does he appear to Alexei Turbin in a dream? Like, for instance, Bulgakov writes that the “stranger with the eyes of a Mongol” did not dare raise havoc allegedly due to an injection administered by a doctor to the wounded Turbin.
As for the “eyes of a Mongol,” N. S. Gumilev has a poem titled The Prodigal Son. This remarkable poem can also be perceived as a dream of Alexei Turbin, as Gumilev is transported into another time, another country. –

“...Of flowers and wine, of expensive incense,
I celebrate my day in the merry capital [Rome]!
But where are my friends, Cinna, Petronius?
Ah, here they are, here they are, salve amici!
Come, hurry, your couch is ready for you,
And the roses are beautiful like a woman’s cheeks…

[Here already we can see Gumilev’s influence on Bulgakov’s subnovel Pontius Pilate. My commentary will follow the last line of Gumilev’s poem.]

…Perhaps you remember the father’s word,
I was sent here to rectify transgressions…
But in a world ruled by perversity,
Having mastered the science of Roman philosophers,
I see the only vice – untidiness,
The only virtue – elegant boredom.
Petronie, you are grimacing, may I be hanged
If you are unhappy with my Siracusan!
You, Cinna, are laughing, isn’t he indeed ridiculous –
That squinting-eyed slave with the narrow skull?

Terrific! There is plenty of material here for both the novel Master and Margarita and the subnovel Pontius Pilate. And there is also a prediction, to say nothing of my proof, that “the stranger with the eyes of a Mongol” is none other than N. S. Gumilev in M. Bulgakov’s first novel White Guard.
Talking to the Roman poets Cinna and Petronius, N. Gumilev, making fun of himself, predicts his own death both in Bulgakov’s Pontius Pilate and in his own life.

…Petronie, you are grimacing, may I be hanged
If you are unhappy with my Siracusan!
You, Cinna, are laughing, isn’t he indeed ridiculous –
That squinting-eyed slave with the narrow skull?

I already wrote before that Gumilev had squinting eyes. Gumilev’s sister-in-law was more sympathetic in her description: “slightly squinting eyes.” And S. K. Makovsky in his Portrait of N. S. Gumilev refers to his “somewhat squinting glance.
That’s why in Bulgakov’s novel Master and Margarita there are so many instances of a squinting glance, which is so hard not to pay attention to. Bulgakov is just begging the researcher to realize that N. S. Gumilev is present in his novel.

To be continued…

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