Thursday, August 21, 2014

CARTESIAN BALANCE OF NATIONALISM VERSUS COSMOPOLITANISM


[I used the following important quotation in my entry Of Native And Foreign Wisdom in the Russian Section. “…It is useful to know something of the manners of different nations, that we may be able to form a more correct judgment regarding our own, and be prevented from thinking that everything that differs from our customs is ridiculous and irrational, -- a conclusion usually come to by those, whose experience has been limited to their own country. On the other hand, when too much time is occupied in traveling, we become strangers to our native country; and the over curious in the customs of the past are generally ignorant of those of the present.” (From Dèscartes’ Method, Book I.)]

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It is unthinkable to go all the way through the Dèscartes series without drawing our attention to this brilliant summation of the necessity to keep a balance between patriotic nationalism, on the one hand, and enlightened cosmopolitanism on the other. Peter the Great of Russia is of course a perfect witness for the correctness of the Dèscartes observation, and for a discerning Western mind this should also represent the essence of Russia’s mindset in her attitude toward the outside world. By the same token, here is a gold mine for the students of the modern American phenomenon. The opening portion of this quotation shames the ignoramuses who are convinced that reason, common sense, virtue, and all other goodies are the sole property of one nation, their own. The second part provides a necessary balance to this delicate skating across the thin ice of exaggerated and inflated sensibilities. Hats off to Dèscartes!

He was, of course, helped by the general spirit of gens una sumus, prevalent among the educated European community of his day. Born in France, he lived most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic benefiting from her liberal laws, and died in Sweden. His lingua franca was Latin, and most of his works were written in the original Latin, although some important works were first written in French and then translated into Latin. It was in this spirit of elitist internationalism (the Catholic Church was obviously internationalist too and these two types of Latin-based internationalism, although non-identical, were going hand-in-hand, until gradually undermined by the spread of the language-specific Protestantism) that Dèscartes made the comment in the above quoted passage and I think that his reference to ‘different nations is not limited to Christian Europe, but actually embraces every known and hypothetical nation of the world, Christian and non-Christian alike. (This should be a very rational thing to assume!)

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A Note. In the sequence of my Cartesian entries, this one is followed by the entry In Defense of Cartesian Rationalism. That entry, however, was posted on my blog out of order on March 2nd, 2012. In order to maintain the proper continuity of my Cartesian series, I refer my readers to that posting, before my “next” Cartesian entry which will be posted tomorrow is read.

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