Saturday, May 26, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DCCXV



Guests at Satan’s Great Ball.
(Emperor Rudolf.)
Posting #15.


“‘Rudolfi,’ said the evil spirit in tenor voice, and not in basso.”
M. Bulgakov. Theatrical Novel.


He is a most interesting personage inserted by Bulgakov into the flow of his amazing storytelling as if in a casual way among a multitude of other guests at Satan’s Great Ball, whose stories become familiar to the hostess of the Ball Margarita, courtesy of Koroviev (A. S. Pushkin).

The Marquise, mumbled Koroviev, poisoned her father, two brothers and two sisters, all because of the inheritance – Her Ladyship Minkina.

And suddenly: Queen, a second of your attention! Emperor Rudolf, sorcerer and alchemist. Another alchemist [no name mentioned] hanged.

I was very much interested in this personage, because I knew that he could not be an emperor. If this personage was a “sorcerer and an alchemist,” he had to be a poet.
This name turns up in Marina Tsvetaeva’s memoirs in connection with “Musaget” where she was taken by Max Voloshin. Marina Tsvetaeva writes:

“…At the Musaget lectures, I, honestly speaking, did not listen to anything, because I did not understand anything. All I heard was “gnoseology” and “Gnostics.”

I also learned that Musaget was a publishing house, as Marina Tsvetaeva writes that Musaget was going to publish her second book of poetry.

“In the Musaget Hall in Moscow, where Andrei Bely taught The Secrets of Poetry, there were two en-face portraits hanging on the wall. For some reason, they were those of Privy Councilor Goethe and Dr. Steiner, staring at us with those immovable huge eyes.”

Apparently, Marina Tsvetaeva did not listen to the lectures and did not understand them because of the “immovable Steiner with his black eye reigning from the wall with a grimace of his Baudelairian mouth.”

The full name of this man is Rudolf Steiner. He had studied the theosophical ideas of Mme Blavatsky and in 1904 organized the theosophical societies of Germany and Austria. In 1914 Steiner broke his ties with theosophical societies and organized his own anthroposophical society.
The only reason why I am writing about Steiner at all, is that without being a poet himself, he somehow managed to establish a connection to Goethe. By no means a genius himself, he realized the importance of Goethe not just to German culture, but throughout whole Europe. He wrote two significant works on Goethe: In 1896 it was The Theory of Knowledge in Goethean World-Conception, and in 1897 it was followed by Goethe’s World-Conception.
Although Steiner had received his Doctorate in Philosophy from the University of Rostock in 1891 with his dissertation on Fichte, it was his later work on Goethe that opened the doors for him.
Having armed myself with this knowledge about Steiner’s direct connection to the great German poet, I started thinking about the role of this man in the works of M. Bulgakov. In Bulgakov’s Theatrical Novel, which I have called A Dress Rehearsal for Master and Margarita [see my eponymous chapter], a certain “Rudolfi” is introduced. This Rudolfi turns out to be “one of the most noticeable people in the literary world of the time, editor-publisher of the only privately-owned journal Motherland, Ilya Ivanovich Rudolfi.”

And yet again, an amazing story from Marina Tsvetaeva’s memoirs follows in Bulgakov. I didn’t mention it in my Dress Rehearsal chapter, but I am presenting it here.
The reader remembers the circumstances under which Rudolfi appears in Bulgakov’s Theatrical Novel. His arrival occurs precisely at the time when S. L. Maksudov is listening to Gounod’s opera Faust, about to end his life by suicide, pressing the trigger of the gun he had stolen from his friend, a police investigator. His cue is a thundering noise about to happen in the action of the opera.
The name Ilya (as in Ilya the Thunderer [Elijah the Prophet]) has been designed to correspond to the racket on stage.
At that moment precisely when his “trembling finger got on the trigger, [Maksudov] was deafened by a thundering noise; his heart disappeared somewhere, I imagined the flame flew out of the kerosene lamp up into the ceiling; I dropped the gun.”
And now, when Mephistopheles’ basso in the opera sang Here am I!,Maksudov realizes that it is somebody knocking on his door, “distinctly and repeatedly... The door flew open... [Maksudov] became stiff with fright on the floor. It was HE, no doubt about that! In the semidarkness, high above [Maksudov] there appeared a face with an imperious nose and sweeping eyebrows. Shadows were playing, and it seemed as though the sharp edge of a black beard was sticking over the square jaw. A beret was dashingly cocked over one ear. A feather was missing, though.”

Having mistaken Rudolfi for Mephistopheles, Maksudov simply figured out that the evil spirit taking the shape of the editor just could not walk around Moscow of the 20th century in any other form.
Here Bulgakov naturally employs his unusual sense of humor and at the same time points to the Russian poetess Marina Tsvetaeva who in her memoirs An Evening of the Poetesses writes:

“In the summer of 1920, late at night, I had an unexpected visit from… a woman’s voice in an enormous hat. (There was no light and there was no face either.)”

In Bulgakov’s Theatrical Novel

“‘Rudolfi,’ said the evil spirit in tenor voice, and not in basso.”

In Tsvetaeva, the faceless woman asks:

You are Marina Tsvetaeva?
Yes.
So, this is how you live: without light?
Yes.
So, why don’t you get it fixed?
Don’t know how.
How to fix it or how to get it fixed?
Either the one or the other.
So, what do you do at night?
Wait.
When it goes on again?
When the Bolsheviks leave.
They’ll never leave.
Never.
A light burst of double laughter in the room. The voice resonant, almost like singing [sic!]. The laughter clearly indicated acuteness of the mind.”

Bulgakov clearly read this scene in Marina Tsvetaeva’s memoir, but built his own upon it. Instead of the “voice” of a woman unseen in the dark, he has a “tenor singing in the gramophone.” Tsvetaeva also uses the word “singing.” Both Tsvetaeva’s and Maksudov’s doors were unlocked.

To be continued…

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