Thursday, January 11, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DXXI



The Bard. Genesis.
M. A. Berlioz.
Posting 4.


I DO NOT SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS!!!
Or maybe you think that I am prepared
 to take your place?

M. A. Bulgakov. Master and Margarita.


Without explicitly giving the name of M. A. Berlioz, M. A. Bulgakov alongside Marina Tsvetaeva clearly thought that by the end of his life Bryusov was “fraternizing” with “the vermin of literature.” Apparently, Bulgakov himself had approached Bryusov on account of his first novel White Guard, but had received a rejection. Still, in the sub-novel Pontius Pilate Bulgakov shows us the repentance of Valery Bryusov, who is of course the prototype of the Roman Procurator of Judea.
If, in the 2nd chapter of Master and Margarita, Pontius Pilate warns Yeshua about his coming brutal death (“It would have been better had you been slaughtered before your meeting with Judas from Kyriath”), and responding to Yeshua’s worried words:

Why don’t you let me go free, Igemon? – suddenly asked the arrestee, and there was alarm in his voice. – I see that [some people] want to kill me.

– he angrily bursts out:

I DO NOT SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS!!! Or maybe you think that I am prepared to take your place?

– then in the last 26th chapter of the sub-novel: The Burial Pontius Pilate has a dream:

“…He [the procurator] even laughed in his sleep happily… He immediately set off along the radiant path up toward the moon. He was walking accompanied by [the dog] Banga, and side by side with him walked the wandering philosopher. They argued about something terribly complicated and important. The argument was especially interesting and incessant, with neither one able to out-argue the other…”

At this point Bulgakov inserts himself into the argument with the following question:

“…Are you really, with all your great intelligence, allowing yourself the thought that on account of a man who had committed a crime against Caesar, the Procurator of Judea would ruin his career?

The reader gets a positive answer here. Bulgakov:

Yes, yes, – Pilate was groaning and sobbing in his sleep. – He will certainly ruin it. [Having learned from his bitter experience, Bryusov would have certainly changed his position. Having destroyed A. Blok and N. Gumilev, the “vermin” went after its “mentor.” Bryusov died in 1924 at the age of fifty.] In the morning he wouldn’t have ruined it yet, but now at nighttime, having weighed it all on the scales, he is ready to ruin it. He will go to the extremes to save the totally guiltless mad dreamer from the execution…

Perhaps Bulgakov heard the same rumors about Bryusov as Tsvetaeva did? But, unlike her, he may have believed them? This is what Tsvetaeva thinks:

“And had Bryusov turned out from his posthumous papers, as rumors have it, not only a non-communist, but an ultra-monarchist, his monarchism and counter-revolutionism would have been on paper. There was nothing in Bryusov of the contra, of the revolutionary in a revolution. Like a consummate power-seeker, he willingly and immediately submitted himself to the system which in one way or another promised him power…”

Apparently, Bulgakov thought otherwise. Considering that the novel Master and Margarita closes with a similar dream, but this time not of Pontius Pilate but of the poet Ivan Bezdomny, now the historian Ivan Nikolayevich Ponyrev:

“…After the injection, everything changes before the sleeping man. From the bed to the window stretches out a broad lunar road, and ascending this road is a man in a white cloak with red lining, who starts walking towards the moon. Alongside him walks a young man [N. S. Gumilev] in a torn chiton and with a disfigured face. The two of them are talking about something passionately, they argue and want to agree on something. Gods, gods!.. You just imagined this… Can you swear?.. Behind them walks, quiet and majestic, a gigantic sharp-eared dog…”

Considering that the prototype of both the poet Ivan Bezdomny (the historian Ivan Nikolayevich Ponyrev) and the demon Azazello is the great Russian poet Sergei Yesenin, we ought to point out that Yesenin was a disciple of Bryusov, and in 1924 he even wrote a poem in memoriam of his teacher. Little did he know then that the very same “vermin” that had sent Bryusov to the grave at 50, would bring him to suicide just one year later, in 1925, at the early age of 30.
The best memories of Bryusov come to us from N. S. Gumilev:

“...Bryusov, who had restored to Russia the noble art, forgotten since Pushkin’s times, of writing poetry simply and correctly...”

It’s precisely from Gumilev’s notes and articles that I had understood certain places in Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita, where I can now clearly feel the poetry of Bryusov himself. Gumilev writes –

“And finally, in the poem To Someone, opening with the line: Farman or Wright or whoever you are – he [Bryusov] comes closely to modernity, which poets are usually so afraid of, and comes out the winner.”

And in the 3rd chapter of Master and Margarita, The Seventh Proof, Bulgakov reproduces it in the argument between Berlioz and Woland:

Your story is most interesting, Professor, responded Berlioz with a condescending smirk. But I am afraid that nikto [no one] can corroborate that what you have told us happened in reality.
Oh, no! Kto [One] can prove it… responded the professor with great assurance.”

It is also impossible to understand the Epilogue of Master and Margarita without resorting to Gumilev:

“But anyway, what happened next in Moscow after on Saturday evening at sunset Woland left the capital, vanishing along with his retinue from Vorobievy Hills?..”

[Once again it is important to stress that master and Margarita left Moscow in order to meet Sunday dawn at the place of their final Rest.]
Continuing with Bulgakov:

“…For a long time across the capital there was going a heavy buzz of all kinds of improbable rumors [just like the buzz about the novel Master and Margarita after Bulgakov’s death]. There was the whisper: Demonic force… Educated people took the side of the investigation: It was the work of a gang of hypnotizers [sic!] and ventriloquists who had a marvelous command of the art.”

N. S. Gumilev uncovers the secret of the “hypnotizers” in his article On French Poetry of the XIX Century. –

“As a critic and historian of literature, Valery Bryusov stands up to his full size in this book. He immediately takes control of the subject and hypnotizes [sic!] the reader, proving how simple it is. Here is Romanticism, taking its source from Andre Chenier. Here is the link through Theophile Gauthier to the Parnassians. The Parnassians were caught in the charmed circle of form and convention [hence the ‘charms’]. Stephane Mallarme and Paul Verlaine break this circle – hence Symbolism. This last one, in turn, breaks into three main movements: pure Symbolism of Henri de Regnier; the Belgian school of Georges Rodenbach; and the scientific poetry of Rene Thiele. And as is his usual habit, Bryusov wished to conceal himself behind this magnificently simple system, so that we, seeing the edifice, can judge about its builder only by the distant echo of the last hammer blows… He gave away his opinion, his whim, perhaps, so that others would be breaking lances over him. [This shows the independence of Bryusov’s thinking.]
But there is a way of discerning a poet’s soul, no matter how well the poet tries to conceal it. One has to read through his poems and by the flaring-up rhymes, by the internal shifts of rhythm, one can reconstruct the poet’s heartbeat. [Gumilev is implicitly praising Bryusov’s mastery as a poet and translator.]”

To be continued…

***



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