Friday, January 19, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DXXXIV



The Bard. Genesis.
M. A. Berlioz.
Posting #17.


For two days the wizard is carrying the hero,
On the third day he pleads for mercy…

A. S. Pushkin. Ruslan and Lyudmila.


M. A. Bulgakov points to A. S. Pushkin’s “water of death” with the following words said by master:

“...Ah, I understand, said master, you’ve killed us, and now we are dead. Ah, how clever it is! How timely! Now I understand it all.

To which Azazello replies:

Ah, come off it! Is it you I am hearing? Doesn’t your ladyfriend call you master? But you are thinking, how can you be dead then? Must you, in order to consider yourself alive, necessarily sit in a cellar?

I used to be always struck by this phrase, and only having reread Ruslan and Lyudmila in the course of my preparation for the writing of this chapter The Bard had I understood what it means. The keyword is “cellar.”
The reader surely remembers what the evil dwarf told his brother the giant:

“...In the black books I discovered
That beyond the eastern mountains,
Upon a quiet seashore,
In a deep cellar under locks
A sword is hidden, and so what?
Oh fear! In the magic darkness
This is what I deciphered,
That by the will of hostile fate
This sword will become known to both of us,
That it will destroy both of us:
It will cut off my beard and your head…

[In the Russian language, “chernye knigi” (“black books”) meant books of black magic, and “chernoknizhnik” was a practitioner of black magic.]
As for the dwarf’s beard, Pushkin writes:

...I [the giant] was always somewhat simple, albeit tall;
And this miserable [dwarf],
Having that stupidest height,
Was clever like a devil – and awfully evil.
Meanwhile do remember that to my peril
His magic beard contains fateful power;
And with disdain for everything in the world,
As long as his beard is intact,
The traitor need not fear any harm to himself…

And so, “In a deep cellar under locks a sword is kept.
It is from here that Bulgakov takes his basement/cellar and bars under locks (and these locks need a bundle of keys) and even a sword, which appears as early as in the second chapter of his novel, which is titled Pontius Pilate, where Bulgakov, in so far as I understand, introduces none other than the warrior, knight, and hero Ruslan in the guise of the Roman Legate of the Twelfth Lightning Legion.
Considering that the number “twelve” in Bulgakov points to Blok’s poem The Twelve, while “Lightning” points to the Russian poet Balmont, we can assume that Bulgakov is pointing at Pushkin himself when he assigns to him the image of the Roman Legate in the Pontius Pilate sub-novel of Master and Margarita. And of course, the name of the Russian poets is Legion, because there are many of them, paraphrasing A. S. Pushkin. Here is the note Pushkin made in 1834 into the album of the French performing artist Alexandre Vattemare:

Votre nom est Legion car vous etes plusieurs.

Bulgakov knew this very well, as he applies the word “Legion” to Pushkin himself. Indeed, unlike others, Pushkin has “Legion” of names in Master and Margarita, such as “the checkered one,” “regent,” “slicker regent,” “fagot [bassoon],” “Koroviev,” and finally, “the Dark-Violet Knight.”
Also proving it is the use of the word “ventriloquist,” which fully applies to Alexandre Vattemare. In the Epilogue to Master and Margarita Bulgakov writes:

“...Cultured people adopted the opinion of the investigating team: It was the work of a gang of hypnotizers and ventriloquists brilliantly skilled in those arts...”

Returning to the personage of the Roman Legate in the 2nd chapter of the sub-novel Pontius Pilate where I can see Pushkin’s creation of the Russian warrior Ruslan, from the long poem Ruslan and Lyudmila, and very probably of Pushkin himself, disguised like other Russian poets in Pontius Pilate.
And here he is, in all his glory, in Bulgakov’s novel:

“Then before the Procurator appeared a handsome light-bearded man with eagle feathers in the comb of his helmet [sic!] (this is who gets Blok’s helmet in Bulgakov’s novel), with golden [sic!] lion faces sparkling on his chest, with likewise golden badges on the belt of his sword, in boots on triple soles, laced up to the knees, and in a crimson cloak thrown over his left shoulder. He was the Legate in command of the Legion.”

And here is how Pushkin describes his hero, single-handedly battling a horde of Pechenegs attacking the city of Kiev:

The Kievans’ heart was confused;
They are running in orderless crowds,
And they see: in the field among the foes,
In shining armor, like in fire,
A wondrous knight on a horse,
A rushing storm, he pierces, cuts,
And, flying, blows his roaring horn...
It was Ruslan. Like God’s Thunder,
Our warrior fell upon the infidels…
And in one moment, the battle dale
Was covered with mounds of bloodied bodies,
Still living, crushed, decapitated…
The Pechenegs are seized by dread,
Their throngs are punished by a Russian sword.
Kiev is elated… The mighty warrior flies across the city,
His victorious sword in his right hand;
The spear is shining like a star;
Blood streaming from his brass mail,
A beard is streaming from the helmet…

It is obviously the dwarf’s beard, not Ruslan’s. This is how that happened:

...[Ruslan] caught the [dwarf] by the beard…
And now the wizard flies under the clouds,
The hero hanging from his beard…
For two days the wizard is carrying the hero,
On the third day he pleads for mercy:
Oh knight [sic!], have mercy on me!
I am barely breathing, I cannot bear this any longer;
Spare my life! [sic!] I’m in your power…
Aha, you’re trembling?
Submit and yield to Russian might!
Carry me to my Lyudmila!
Chernomor, humbled, hears and obeys
Setting off for his home, with the hero,
And in a moment reaching his terrible mountains.
 [Then] Ruslan, having clutched the sword with one hand
And grasping the [dwarf’s] beard with the other,
Cut it off like a handful of grass.
Here’s one for you, he said cruelly,
How about that, predator? Where’s your splendor?
Now, where’s your strength? And he ties
The white hair to his tall helmet…

So, this is how Ruslan got himself a bearded helmet. He has his own moustache though, as is clear from these earlier lines:

“...The lovesick Ruslan doesn’t eat or drink,
He gazes upon his dear friend [Lyudmila];
He sighs, he’s angry, he is burning,
And impatiently pulling at his moustache,
Counting every moment…

To be continued…


***


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