Friday, March 16, 2018

GALINA SEDOVA. A CHAPTER ON BULGAKOV. DCXL



Alpha And Omega.
Posting #27.


And what is important? That same Shervinsky
 said that [the Bolsheviks] are with red stars
 on their papakhas…
There will be sheer horror in the City.

M. Bulgakov. White Guard.


In the 19th chapter of White Guard, Bulgakov confuses his text partly due to the already stated complicated personality of L. Yu. Shervinsky himself, namely, drawing attention to his “voice.” We will immediately recall how Alexei Turbin hears Colonel Malyshev’s voice as he is running home from the headquarters of the artillery [mortar] division. He is hearing this “voice” ordering him: “Run!
Bulgakov takes this idea from Lermontov’s long poem Demon, in which Lucifer falls in love with the young Georgian bride Tamara. He kills her fiancé and appears to her as “voice,” seducing her. [See my posted chapter Triangle.]
But returning to the theme of the Bolsheviks three times, and not in order, Bulgakov undoubtedly draws attention to the personage (Shervinsky) himself. It remains unclear where Shervinsky got his information from. –

“Everybody was listening to Shervinsky with open mouths, even Annushka [the maid].
What kind of stars? – Myshlayevsky was gloomily asking.
Small, like cockades, five-pointed, – Shervinsky was explaining. – On their papakhas. They say they are coming like a storm cloud. In a word, they’ll be here come midnight.

But on the very first page of the 19th chapter Bulgakov writes very strangely, using the words of Dr. Alexei Turbin:

And what is important? That same Shervinsky said that they [the Bolsheviks] are with red stars on their papakhas… There will be sheer horror in the City.

He is apparently referring to the prospect of street battles between Petlura’s forces and the Bolshevik troops, of whose coming Turbin had learned from a patient of his. Bulgakov provides this information 1.5 pages later.
It is not by accident that Bulgakov convolutes his text. The most important thing here is not that the Bolsheviks are coming to crush Petlura, but the fact that Shervinsky had learned about it. It was Shervinsky “in the uniform of an artillery colonel” who was in the apparatus room the night when Hetman Skoropadsky fled from the palace. Shervinsky had to be there at the time. Otherwise, how could he have learned the information about the Bolsheviks?
Shervinsky was an intelligence officer. Such a man knows how to cover his tracks. This is why M. A. Bulgakov makes the story of the Bolsheviks so confusing. It’s the researcher’s turn to unravel the story of the “two colonels.” For now it is perfectly clear who he was, who delivered the information to Colonel Malyshev about the flight of Hetman Skoropadsky and the coming of Petlura’s forces into the City.

***


In the 3rd chapter of White Guard, Bulgakov for some reason compares the shoulder straps of Karas and Shervinsky:

“Karas' golden crossed cannon on his crumpled shoulder-straps were regular nothing alongside the pale cavalry shoulder-straps and the carefully pressed blue breeches of Shervinsky…”

Only now it becomes clear that in his capacity as Adjutant of the commanding officer – Cavalry General Belorukov – Shervinsky could get himself any kind of uniform, which is exactly what he did.
Considering that the generals, in Bulgakov’s White Guard, proved themselves unworthy of their rank, Bulgakov is putting an emphasis on the colonels – Malyshev and Nai-Turs – and not only on the Russian side. Petlura has even more colonels in his army... Probably because a colonel is closer to his men than a general.
This is how Bulgakov honors the two Russian warrior-poets: Lermontov and Gumilev dead at the ages of 26 and 35 respectively, combining their features in the character of the mysterious “man in an artillery colonel’s uniform.” If we apply Gumilev’s table of ranks to Russian literature, yes, there are generals in it, and both these poets qualify.

As for the word “mysterious,” but without “colonel” accompanying it, Bulgakov also uses it repeatedly in his novel Master and Margarita.

The first time it occurs in Chapter 3 when Berlioz tells Woland that his story of Jesus Christ cannot be corroborated:

Oh, no! Kto can prove it! – the professor responded with great assurance and he suddenly mysteriously motioned both friends closer to himself.”

The second time it’s chapter 4, when the poet Ivan Bezdomny is chasing Woland and his company after the gruesome death of Berlioz:

“Not even a grain of doubt remained that the mysterious consultant had known beforehand the full picture of the terrible death of Berlioz.”

And the third time later in the same 4th chapter. Ivan’s chase of Woland continues:

“Ivan went deep into the mysterious web of Arbat side-streets.”

The fourth time, in chapter 6, Ivan Bezdomny is brought to the psychiatric clinic:

Here, doctor, – said Ryukhin for some reason in mysterious whisper, timidly glancing back at Ivan Nikolayevich – is the famous poet Ivan Bezdomny…

The fifth and sixth time it is chapter 8: A Duel Between the Professor and the Poet. First, Ivan is bitterly sneering at the fact that moved by an urgent need to warn everybody about the danger coming from the “stranger-consultant,” he had found himself in some “mysterious medical room” where he was examined and forced to discuss nonsense about his “heavily drinking uncle Fedor.” Later on he tells his story to the head of the psychiatric clinic Professor Stravinsky, the gist of it being the following:

So listen: last night on Patriarch Ponds I met a mysterious personality, either a foreigner or not a foreigner, who knew about Berlioz’s death beforehand and personally saw Pontius Pilate.

Having used the words “a mysterious personality,” Bulgakov invites the reader to solve the mystery of who are hidden behind both the “foreigner/not a foreigner” Woland and Professor Stravinsky. The reader is getting my take on Stravinsky in my chapter The Bard: Bezdomny’s Progress.

Without citing all other occurrences of “mysterious” in Bulgakov’s novel Master and Margarita (the reader must have got the picture!), we move to Chapter 11: The Splitting of Ivan, where this word comes up again at the end of the chapter:

Sleep was crouching toward Ivan, and he already imagined both a palm on an elephant leg and a cat walking past him, not a scary one but a merry one; in other words, sleep was just about to cover Ivan, when suddenly the barred screen door moved sideways noiselessly, and a mysterious figure materialized on the balcony, hiding from the moonlight, and warning Ivan with his finger.

From this we can conclude that virtually all “figures” in Bulgakov’s works are “mysterious,” and we must be looking for their prototypes. With a particular skill, Bulgakov inserts both the features of the executed Russian poet N. S. Gumilev and him himself, already starting with his first novel White Guard. In such a manner Bulgakov shows the future generations not only how to write, but also that a writer must be an impartial and just chronicler of his time.
Thus Ivan Bezdomny calls Woland: “this most mysterious citizen.” As for the character of master, Bulgakov writes in the same 13th chapter The Appearance of the Hero:

“Yes, a grateful listener did Ivan Nikolayevich [Bezdomny] receive in the person of the mysterious stealer of the keys.”

To be continued…

***



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